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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">1561-5405</journal-id>
	    <journal-id journal-id-type="doi">10.24151/1561-5405</journal-id>	  
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Proceedings of Universities. Electronics</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Scientifical and technical journal "Proceedings of Universities. Electronics"</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Научно-технический журнал «Известия высших учебных заведений. Электроника»</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>        
      </journal-title-group>      
      <issn publication-format="print">1561-5405</issn>
      <issn publication-format="online">2587-9960</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">National Research University of Electronic Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет "Московский институт электронной техники"</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>                                    
      
    <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24151/1561-5405-2021-26-1-7-29</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="udk">538.955:621.377.624.6:004.942</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Элементы интегральной электроники</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Spin Valves in Microelectronics. Review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Спиновые вентили в микроэлектронике. Обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><self-uri>http://ivuz-e.ru/en/issues/1-_2021/spinovye_ventili_v_mikroelektronike_obzor/</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The base element of micromagnetic devices are the layered spin-valve structures. Small sizes, compatibility with the CMOS technology, scaling ability and various work conditions make the spin-valve structures a universal component of modern microelectronics. The purpose of present work is the analysis, systematization and generalization of the data of the work theoretical bases, experimental data and the application of spin valves. In the review, the hard disc drives, random-access magnetoresistive memory, the spin-transfer nano-oscillators, the magnetic biosensors, as well as various computing systems, operating on the principles of stochastic and deterministic logic, have been considered. The key theoretical works devoted to giant magnetoresistance and spin transfer have been used. The data on various types of the hard-disc readheads have been systematized, their architecture and parameters have been compared, and it has been shown how modern scientific research of nanomagnetic phenomena accelerates the growth rate of the recording density. The analysis of modern research devoted to magnetoresistive random access memory has been carried out. The problems of energy efficiency and increasing the degree of the integration for these devices have been discussed. The latest achievements in the field of materials, geometry and the properties of the spin-transfer nano-oscillators, as well as the problems and prospects for the development of this technology have been considered. The analysis of theoretical and experimental works, in which the spin-gate structures have been used to perform the logical operations of Boolean and non-Boolean logic, has been carried out. It has been shown how the probabilistic nature of the unstable switching of spin gates is used in the operation of the unconventional computing systems, namely, neuromorphic or Bayesian networks. The principles of operation of the spin valves as magnetic biosensors have been considered and the advantages of their application have been discussed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Базовым элементом микромагнитных устройств являются слоистые спин-вентильные структуры. Малые размеры, совместимость с КМОП-технологией, хорошая масштабируемость и разнообразные режимы работы делают спин-вентильные структуры универсальным компонентом современной микроэлектроники. Цель настоящей работы - анализ, систематизация и обобщение сведений по теоретическим основам функционирования, экспериментальным данным и применению спиновых вентилей. В работе рассмотрены накопители на жестких магнитных дисках, магниторезистивная память с произвольным доступом, спин-трансферные наноосцилляторы, магнитные биосенсоры, а также различные вычислительные системы, работающие по принципам стохастической и детерминированной логики. Использованы ключевые теоретические работы, посвященные гигантскому магнетосопротивлению и спиновому переносу. Систематизированы данные о различных типах считывающих головок жестких дисков, проведено сравнение их архитектуры и параметров. Показано, как современные научные исследования наномагнитных явлений ускоряют темпы роста плотности записи. Проведен анализ современных исследований, посвященных магниторезистивной памяти с произвольным доступом. Обсуждены проблемы энергоэффективности и увеличения степени интеграции для данных устройств. Рассмотрены последние достижения в области материалов, геометрии и свойств спин-трансферных наноосцилляторов, а также проблемы и перспективы развития данной технологии. Проведен анализ теоретических и экспериментальных работ, в которых спин-вентильные структуры задействованы для выполнения логических операций булевой и небулевой логик. Показано, как вероятностный характер неустойчивого переключения спиновых вентилей используется в работе нетрадиционных вычислительных систем, а именно нейроморфных или байесовских сетей. Рассмотрены принципы работы спиновых вентилей в качестве магнитных биосенсоров и обсуждены преимущества их применения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd/></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta>
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